ERR - 9th - English [Active and Passive Voice I]




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(1972 [C] )
9th (English)
Active and Passive Voice I

Passive Voice For Simple Present Tense

Conversion of Active Voice Sentence into Passive Voice For Simple Present Tense:

Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Active Voice form with simple present tense is:

subject + verb of first form (s/es) + object

For Example

  • Mrs Brown teaches physics and chemistry.(active)
  • Here,'Mrs Brown' is subject,teaches is the first form of the verb and 'physics and chemistry' is an object'.

    While converting into Passive Voice the rule will be :

    subject + is/am/are + verb of third form + object.

  • Physics and chemistry are taught by Mrs Brown. (passive)
  • The subject 'Mrs Brown' will change into object and the object 'physics and chemistry' will change into subject.Helping verb will also be changed according to the subject if it is singular or plural. And third form of verb will be used in passive voice.

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Active Voice form with simple present tense for negative sentence :

    S + do/does + not + V1 + object + ROTS

    Example : - I do not do it .

    In the above sentence , I is subject , then we use helping verb do ( here , I is a singular subject so we use do ) , then use not and then first form of verb ( do) then the objective part according to the rule .

    While converting into Passive Voice the rule will be :

    S + do/does + not + V1 + by + object + ROTS

    Example  : - It is not done by me .

    In the above sentence , I subject is converted into object it , then we use helping verb is , then use not and then third form of verb ( done) then the subjective part which is I . ( In objective part it gets changed into me .

    Active Voice For Simple Present Tense

    Conversion  of Passive Voice Sentence into Active Voice For Simple Present Tense:

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with simple present tense for affirmative sentence is:

    subject + is/am/are + third form of verb + object.

    For Example : 

  • A story is written by her. (passive)   
  • Here,'A story' is subject ,object is 'her' and 'written' is the third form of verb write.' A story' is singular subject so helping verb 'is' used here.'by' is used according  to the format of rule.

    While converting into Active Voice the rule will be :

    subject+verb+object

    For Example : He plays football.

    The subject 'Football ' will  become object , the object 'he' will become subject . The first form of the verb  plays used.The subject 'He' is singular so (s/es) will use with an action verb.

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with simple present tense for affirmative negative sentence is:

    Object+is/are+not+past participle(V3)+by+subject

    For Example : - Football is not played by him.

    The subject 'Football ' will  become object , the subject he will become object him , then not is used , then the third form of the verb played used and then use by preposition and then the subject he will become object him .

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with simple present tense for interrogative sentence :

    Is/are+object+past participle(V3)+by+subject

    For Example : - Is a book written by her ?

    Here , the sentence is in interrogative form , so , in passive form we always start with verb Is , then we use object , then third form of verb which is written here , then use by preposition , then the subject which is her according to the rule .

    While converting into Active Voice the rule will be :

    Do/does+subject+verb+object

    For Example : - Does she write a book?

    Here , the sentence is in interrogative form , so , in passive form we always start with verb does , then we use subject , then first form of verb which is write here , then the object which is a book according to the rule .

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with simple present tense for interrogative negative sentence :

    Is/are+object+not+past participle(V3)+by+subject

    For Example : - Is breakfast not taken by James Gosling?

    Here , the sentence is in interrogative negative form , so , in passive form we always start with verb Is , then we use object , then we use not , then third form of verb which is taken here , then use by preposition , then the subject which is James gosling according to the rule .

    While converting into Active Voice the rule will be :

    Do/does+subject+not+verb+object

    For Example : - Does she not write a book?

    Here , the sentence is in interrogative negative form , so , in active form we always start with verb does , then we use subject , then we use not , then first form of verb which is write here ,  then the subject which is a book  according to the rule .

     

    Passive Voice For Simple Past Tense

    Conversion of Active Voice Sentence into Passive Voice For Simple Past Tense:

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Active Voice form with simple past tense is:

     you use was or were + past participle:

    subject + second form of verb + object.

  • The army built this bridge. (active)
  • Here,the subject is ' the army',object is 'this bridge' and 'built' is second form of verb 'build'.

    While converting into Passive Voice the rule will be :

     subject + was/were + third form of verb + by + object.

  • This bridge was built by the army.(passive)
  • The given subject 'the army' will become object and the object 'this bridge' will become subject.Helping verb (was/were) will be used according to subject.If subject is singular then was will use or if subject is plural then were will use.'by' is used according rule.

    Active Voice For Simple Past Tense

    Conversion  of Passive Voice Sentence into Active Voice For Simple Past Tense:

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with simple past tense is:

    subject + was/were + third form of verb  + by + object

    For Example:

  •   I was helped by him. (passive)
  • Here,the subject  is 'I' ,object is 'him' and 'helped' is the third form  of the verb help .The helping verb 'was' is used with 'I' because 'I' is singular subject.

    While converting into Active Voice the rule will be :

     subject + second form of verb + object

  •   He helped me. (active)
  • Here, the subject 'I' will become object (me) and object 'him' will become subject (he).'helped' is the third form of the verb help.The verb second form is used in simple past tense .

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with simple past tense for negative sentence :

    Object + was/were+ not +V3 + by  + Subject

    For Example : - The bills were not paid by Rama .

    Here , the object is the bills , and then use were as helping verb and then not and then third form of verb and then use by preposition and at last the subject which is ( rama) according to the rule .

     

    Passive Voice For Simple Future Tense

    Conversion of Active Voice Sentence into Passive Voice For Simple Future Tense:

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Active Voice form with simple future tense is:

    :subject+ will or shall + first form of verb + object:

    For Example:

  • His family will miss him.(active)
  • Here,the subject is 'her family' ,object is 'him' and the first form of verb is used 'miss'.

    While converting into Passive Voice the rule will be :

     subject+ will or shall + be + third form of verb + by + object

  • He will be missed by his family.(passive)
  • The subject 'her family' will become object and the object 'him' will become subject(He) and 'missed' is the third form of verb miss .'by' is used according to the format of rule.

    Active Voice For Simple Future Tense

    Conversion  of Passive Voice Sentence into Active Voice For Simple Future Tense:

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with simple future tense is:

    subject + will/shall + be + third form of verb + by + object.

    For Example:

  • Students will be taught by teachers. ( passive )
  • The subject is 'students', object is teachers and 'taught'  is the third form of the verb teach.'by' is used here according to the format.

    While converting into Active Voice the rule will be :

    subject + will/shall + first form of verb + object

  •      Teachers will teach students. ( active )
  • The subject 'students' will change into subject (teachers) and the object 'teachers' will change into object (students). The first form of verb will be used in simple future tense.

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with simple future tense is for negative sentences :

    Object + will + not + be + past participle of verb + by + Subject

    For Example: - The work will not be finished by me .

    Here , the object is the work , then use will as helping verb , then not and then be , then use third form of verb and then use preposition by and then the subject ( me ) .

    Passive Voice For Perfect Tense

    Conversion of Active Voice Sentence into Passive Voice For Perfect Tense:

    Present Perfect Tense:

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Active Voice form with simple present tense is:

    subject + have or has  + past participle + object

    For Example:

  • The earthquake has destroyed many buildings.(active)
  • The subject is 'the earthquake' ,object is 'many buildings' and 'destroyed' is the third form of verb 'destroy' .'the earthquake' is singular subject so helping verb has is used.

    While converting into Passive Voice the rule will be :

    subject + have or has + been + past participle + by + object

  • Many buildings have been destroyed by the earthquake. (passive)
  • The subject 'the earthquake' will become object and the object 'many buildings' will become subject.'Many buildings' is plural subject so helping verb have is used with subject.'by' is used according to the format of rule.

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Active Voice form with simple present tense is for negative sentence .

    Subject + has/have + not + past participle (V3) + object

    For Example:

  • I have not made that lesson.
  • The subject is ' I ' ,object is 'that lesson ' and 'make' is the third form of verb 'made' .' I ' is singular subject so helping verb have is used. It is a negative sentence , so we use not .

    While converting into Passive Voice the rule will be :

    Object + has/have + not + been + past participle (V3) + (by + subject)

    For Example:

  • That lesson has not been made by me.
  • The subject ' I  ' will become object and the object ' that lesson ' will become subject. ' I ' is plural subject so helping verb have is used with subject.'by' is used according to the format of rule. It is a negative sentence , so we use not .

    Past Perfect Tense :

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Active Voice form with simple present tense is:

     subject + had + past participle + object

  • A masked man had robbed the bank. (active)
  • The subject is 'A masked man' ,object is 'the bank' and 'robbed' is the third form of verb 'rob' .  The helping verb had is used with both singular or plural subject.

    While converting into Passive Voice the rule will be :

     subject + had + been + past participle + by + object

  • The bank had been robbed by a masked man, (passive)
  • The subject 'A masked man' will become object and the object 'the bank' will become subject.The helping verb had is used with both singular or plural subject.'by' is used according to the format of rule.

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Active Voice form with simple present tense is for negative sentence .

    Subject + had + not + v+ object

    For Example:

  • Sam had not helped us at all.
  • The subject is ' Sam ' , object is ' us ' and 'helped ' is the third form of verb 'help ' .  The helping verb had is used with both singular or plural subject. It is a negative sentence , so we use not .

    While converting into Passive Voice the rule will be :

    Object + had + not + been + v3 + object

    For Example:

  • We hadn’t been helped at all by Sam.
  • The subject ' sam ' will become object and the object ' us ' (in objective part , it becomes us ) will become subject.The helping verb had is used with both singular or plural subject.'by' is used according to the format of rule. It is a negative sentence , so we use not .

     

    Active Voice For Perfect Tense

    Conversion  of Passive Voice Sentence into Active Voice For Perfect Tense:

    Present Perfect Tense:

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with Present Perfect Tense is:

         subject + has/have + been + third form of verb + by + object

    For Example:

  • Furniture has been made by the carpenters.( passive )
  • The subject is 'furniture' ,object is 'the carpenters' and 'made' is the third form of the verb make.'been' and 'by' is used according to the rule.

    While converting into Active Voice the rule will be :

     subject + has/have + third form of verb + object.

  •   The carpenters have made furniture.( active )
  • The subject is 'furniture' will changed into object (the carpenters) and the object 'the carpenters' will change into subject (furniture) .The verb third form is  used in perfect tenses.

    Past perfect tense:

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with Past Perfect Tense is:

     :subject + had + been + third form of verb + by + object.

    For Example:

  • Your mind had been changed by you. ( passive )
  • The subject is 'Your mind' ,object is 'you' and 'changed' is the third form of the verb change.'been' and 'by' is used according to the rule.

    While converting into Active Voice the rule will be :

     subject + had + third form of verb + object.

  •   You had changed your mind. ( active )
  • The subject is 'Your mind' will changed into object (you) and the object 'you' will change into subject (Your mind) .The verb third form is  used in perfect tenses.

    Passive Voice For Continuous Tense

    Conversion of Active Voice Sentence into Passive Voice For Continuous Tense:

    Present Continuous Tense:

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Active Voice form with present continuous tense is:

    Subject + is/am/are + first form of verb +ing + object.

    For Example:

  • Mr Thomas is training the players.(active)
  •  Here 'Mr Thomas' is subject ,'the players' is object. 'Mr. Thomas' is singular so helping verb is used ,an action verb will be used with verb (ing) in continuous tenses.

    While converting into Passive Voice the rule will be :

     subject + is/am/are + being + third form of verb + by + object.

  • The players are being trained by Mr Thomas.(passive)
  • The subject 'Mr Thomas' will become object and the object 'the players' will become  subject in passive voice.When the given subject will become object then helping verb will be used (is/am/are).'being' is used here according to the format of rule.

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Active Voice form with present continuous tense for negative sentence .

    Subject + is/are/am + not + verb ( ing form) + object

    For Example:

  • Mohan is not reading the book.
  •  Here ' mohan ' is subject ,' the book ' is object. 'Mohan' is singular so helping verb is used ,an action verb will be used with verb (ing) in continuous tenses.

    While converting into Passive Voice the rule will be :

    subject + is/are/am + not + being + verb(3rd form) + by + object   For Example:
  • The book is not being read by Mohan.
  • The subject 'mohan' will become object and the object ' the book ' will become  subject in passive voice.When the given subject will become object then helping verb will be used (is/am/are).'being' is used here according to the format of rule.

    Past Continuous Tense:

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Active Voice form with past continuous tense is:

    subject + was or were + being + past participle + object.

    For Example:

  • The Kitchen staff were preparing the buffet. (active)
  •  'the kitchen staff ' is subject ,object is the buffet and the kitchen staff is plural subject so were is used here,an action verb will be used with verb (ing) in continuous tenses.

    While converting into Passive Voice the rule will be :

     subject + was/ were + being + third form of verb + by + object.

  • The buffet was being prepared by the kitchen staff.(passive) 
  • The subject 'the kitchen staff ' will become object and the object 'the buffet' will become  subject in passive voice.When the given subject will become object then helping verb will be changed  according to subject .'being' is used here according to the format of rule.

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Active Voice form with past continuous tense for negative sentence .

    subject + was or were + not + being + past participle + object.

    For Example:

  • They were selecting apples.
  • Here , 'they ' is subject ,object is the apples and the apples are plural subject so were is used here,an action verb will be used with verb (ing) in continuous tenses.

    While converting into Passive Voice the rule will be :

    subject + was or were + not + being + past participle + by  + object.

    For Example:

  • Apples were being selected by them.
  • The subject 'they ' will become object and the object ' apples ' will become  subject in passive voice.When the given subject will become object then helping verb will be changed  according to subject .'being' is used here according to the format of rule.

    Active Voice For Continuous Tense

    Conversion  of Passive Voice Sentence into Active Voice For Continuous Tense:

    Present Continuous Tense:

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with present continuous tense is:

    subject + is/am/are + being + third form of verb + by + object.

    For Example:

  • The doors are being repaired by the carpenters. (passive)
  • The subject is 'the doors' ,object is 'the carpenters' and  'repaired'  is the third form of the verb repair. The subject 'the doors' is plural so the helping verb 'are' is used.

    While converting into Active Voice the rule will be :

    subject + is/am/are + first form of verb + ing + object.

  •   The carpenters are repairing the doors.( active)
  • The subject 'the doors' will change into object(the carpenters) and the object 'the carpenters' will change into subject (the doors). The subject 'The carpenters' is plural so the helping verb 'are' is used.

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with present continuous tense for negative sentences :

    subject + is/am/are + not + being + third form of verb + by + object.

    For Example:

  • The truth is not being spoken by you.
  • The subject is the truth , object is you  and spoken is the third form of the verb speak . The subject ' the truth' is singular so the helping verb ' is ' is used .  It is a negative sentence , so we use not here .

    While converting into Active Voice the rule will be :

    subject + is/am/are + not + first form of verb + ing + object.

    For Example:

  • You are not speaking the truth.
  • The subject 'the truth ' will change into object( you  ) and the object 'the you ' will change into subject (the truth ). The subject 'The truth ' is plural so the helping verb 'are' is used. It is a negative sentence , so we use not here .

    Past Continuous Tense:

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with past continuous tense is:

    subject + was/were + being + third form of verb + by + object.

    For Example:

  • The building was constructed by the masons.( passive )
  • The subject is 'the masons' ,object is 'the building' and  'constructed'  is the third form of the verb construct. The subject 'the building' is singular so the helping verb 'is' is used.

    While converting into Active Voice the rule will be :

    subject + was/were + first form of verb + ing + object.

  •          The masons were constructing the building. ( active )
  • The subject 'the masons' will change into object(the building) and the object 'the building' will change into subject (the masons). The subject 'The building' is singular so the helping verb 'is' is used.

    Rule used to identify that the sentence is in Passive Form with past continuous tense for negative sentences :

    subject + was/were + not + being + third form of verb + by + object.

    For Example:

  • The video was not being recorded by us.
  • The subject is the video , object is us and recorded is the third form of the verb record . The subject ' the video ' is singular so the helping verb ' was ' is used .  It is a negative sentence , so we use not here .

    While converting into Active Voice the rule will be :

    subject + was/were +not + first form of verb + ing + object.

    For Example:

  •  We were not recording the video.
  • The subject ' we ' will change into object(the video ) and the object 'the video ' will change into subject ( we ). The subject 'The video ' is singular so the helping verb 'was' is used. It is a negative sentence , so we use not here .

     

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