Thyroid Gland


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Thyroid Gland

Thyroid is a large bilobed  gland located behind the larynx (voice box) in the neck. The two lobes are joined by an isthmus. The main hormone secreted by this gland is thyroxine, which contains iodine.

Thyroxine controls the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins, and brings about balanced growth. Excessive secretion of thyroxine is called hyperthyroidism. It increases the general metabolism of the body. As a result, fat stored in the body is depleted and there is a loss of body weight. Insufficient thyroxine secretion is called hypothyroidism. It lowers the general metabolism of the body and increases body weight. By slowing down metabolic activity, hypothyroidism retards body growth and brain development in children.

When the thyroid gland becomes overactive and secretes excess thyroxine, it becomes enlarged. As a result, the neck swells up and the eyeballs bulge outward. This is called exophthalmic goitre. Swelling of the thyroid may also be due to the deficiency of iodine in the diet. This is called simple goitre.

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Sample Questions
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Question : 1

Hormone from thyroid gland is _________________

Right Option : A
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Question : 2

Excessive secretion of thyroxine hormone causes:

Right Option : B
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Question : 3

Thyroid is a _____________________ bilobed gland located behind the larynx (voice box) in the neck.

Right Option : C
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