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Biology / Life Process Nutrition / Nutrition
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Nutrition

Nutrition

  • It is the process to transfer source of energy (food) from outside to the body for maintaining living structure of an organism.
  • It provides nutrients to the body so that it can obtain energy to carry out the activities required to stay alive. ‘Nutrients’ are substances that give nourishment which provides energy to an organism. The digestive system of an organism breaks down complex food into simpler molecules, so that the cells can take them and use for survival, growth and reproduction.
  • Nutrition promotes growth of the body, which involves the formation of new protoplasm. Nutrition meets the energy requirement of the body. It helps to synthesize a variety of substances like: proteins, carbohydrates, fats etc.
  • Modes of Nutrition

  • Plants and animals do not obtain food by the same process. Plants and some bacteria have the green pigment ‘chlorophyll’ to help synthesize food, while animals, fungi and other bacteria depend on other organisms for food. There are two modes of Nutrition:
  •        1.    Autotrophic Nutrition                                         2. Heterotrophic Nutrition

          Difference between the two modes of Nutrition

     

    Autotrophic Nutrition

    Heterotrophic Nutrition

    1

    It occurs in green plants, some bacteria and in some plants.

    It occurs in fungi and animals

    2

    Chlorophyll is necessary for trapping solar energy.

    Chlorophyll is absent; as such they do not trap solar energy.

    3

    Food is self manufactured using CO2 and water as raw material

    Food is obtained directly or indirectly from autotrophs.

    4

    Digestion of food does not occur.

    Digestion is required to convert complex organic substances into simpler form

    5

    They are placed at the bottom of the food chain as producers.

    They are placed above producers in the middle of food chain as consumers.

    6

    e.g.: plants, blue – green algae

    e.g.; animals including humans

    NOTE:  Autotrophs and heterotrophs differ in how they obtain their carbon.

    Autotrophs are organisms that can produce their own food from the substanc.es available in their surroundings using light (photosynthesis) or chemical energy (chemosynthesis). 

    Heterotrophs cannot synthesize their own food and rely on other organisms, both plants and animals for nutrition. Technically, the definition is that autotrophs obtain carbon from inorganic sources like carbon dioxide (CO2) while heterotrophs get their reduced carbon from other organisms. Autotrophs are usually plants; they are also called "self feeders" or "primary producers".


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