Haemodialysis and Dialysis


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Haemodialysis and Dialysis

Kidney failure and the Survival Kit - Haemodialysis:

The kidneys may be damaged due to infection, injury, diabetes, and extremes of blood pressure. A damaged kidney cannot function efficiently to remove urea, ions, water, etc., from the blood. This malfunctioning results in the accumulation of toxic wastes like urea (uraemia), which can lead to death. One of the ways to treat kidney failure is to use a ‘dialysis machine’ that acts as an artificial kidney.

Procedure :

It has a long tube like structure made of Cellophane suspended in a tank (dialyser) of a fresh dialysis fluid (dialysate). The Cellophane tube is partially permeable and therefore allows solutes to diffuse through. During dialysis, the blood of the patient is withdrawn from an artery and cooled at 0°C. It is maintained in a liquid state by adding an anticoagulant and by other special treatments. It is pumped through the dialysis machine. Here, the nitrogenous waste products from the blood diffuse into the dialysis fluid. The purified blood is then warmed to the body temperature and pumped back into the patient’s body through a vein.

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Sample Questions
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Question : 1

_______________  may be damaged due to infection, injury, diabetes, and extremes of blood pressure.

Right Option : B
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Question : 2

Which of the following devices is used artifically to remove nitrogrnous waste products from the blood?

Right Option : C
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Question : 3

During dialyses the artificial kidney maintains the balance of ___________ and __________________ salts in a patient whose kidneys have failed.

Right Option : A
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