This law say that the ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is constant for a pair of media i.e
.
where is the refractive index of the medium 2 w.r.t. medium 1.
The ray which falls perpendicular to the refracting surface goes into the second medium undeviated.. This phenomenon can be explained with the help of Snell's law. As the ray is falling perpendicularly so the angle of incidence is 0
From Snell's law we get
Now
So
As the angle of refraction is 0 so the ray goes without deviation.
In the pair of transparent medium, the medium that has a higher refractive index is called a denser medium and the other is called a rarer medium.
When light passes from rarer to denser medium it slows down and bends toward the normal as shown in the figure R denotes rarer medium and D denotes denser medium.
Using Snells law:
As the ray is moving from optically rarer medium to optically denser medium so
Angles are inversely proportional to refractive index, we get
Hence light bends towards the normal
When light passes from denser to rarer medium the speed increases and it bends away from the normal as shown in the figure R denotes rarer medium and D denotes denser medium.
Using Snells law:
As the ray is moving from optically denser medium to optically rarer medium so
Angles are inversely proportional to refractive index, we get
Hence light bends away from the normal
When light propagates through a series of layer of different medium, then
Proof: Let us take the case of three layers of Medium 1 with refractive index , Medium 2 with refractive index , Medium 3 with refractive index and Medium 4 with refractive index as shown in the figure below
Case I : Light rays goes from medium 1 to medium 2 where angle of incidence is and angle of refraction is . Then according to Snell's law
........[ I ]
Case II : Light rays goes from medium 2 to medium 3 where angle of incidence is and angle of refraction is . Then according to Snell's law
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