Human Endocrine Glands


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Human Endocrine Glands

Human endocrine system is consist of different glands. These glands produce different hormones which are also known as the chemical messengers. Hormones are secreted by the endocrine glands, which are ductless glands. These glands differ from the exocrine glands in the fact that these glands have ducts to secrete there secretions at a specific location in the body. We shall now learn about some important endocrine glands in the human body.

 1. Pituitary gland

Location: base of the brain

Hormones secreted: 1.  Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),  2.  Growth hormone (GH)

Hormone action : TSH :  Its principal function is to monitor and regulate the activity of other glands.  

                             GH : GH stimulate linear growth in children and helps to maintain bone and other tissues in adult.

 2. Pineal gland : 

       Location : Deep in the brain 

       Hormone secreted : melatonin and serotonin 

       Hormone action  : Melatonin hormones regulate night and day cycles or sleep-wake cycles.

                                       Serotonin  stabilizes our mood, feelings of well-being, and happiness. 

3. Thyroid gland 

Location: Base of the throat

Hormones secreted: Thyroxine  

Hormone action : Thyroxine plays a crucial role in heart and digestive function, metabolism, brain development, bone health and muscle control.

4. Thymus gland 

Location :  Beneath the breastbone at the level of the heart

Hormone secreted : Thymosin hormone

Hormone action : Produce and process T lymphocytes.

5. Adrenal gland 

Location: Near the kidneys

Hormones secreted: Adrenaline 

Hormone action : Adrenaline is often known as the fight or flight hormone because it prepares the body to act, especially when the body encounters stress.

6. Pancreas 

Location: Near the liver 

Hormones secreted: insulin, glucagon

Hormone action : Insulin acts to lower blood sugar, and glucagon, which acts to raise blood sugar.

7. Testis:  (In males: two in number)

Location: Male genital organs

Hormones secreted:  Testosterone

Hormone action : Testosterone controls the development of secondary sexual characters in males such as facial hair, beard, moustaches etc. It stimulates spermatogenesis (formation of sperm).

8. Ovaries (in female; two in number)

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Sample Questions
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Question : 1

Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

S.No.

GlandHormone
I.PituitaryFollicle stimulating
IIThyroidSomatotrophic

I.

Parathyroid

Thyroxine

Right Option : A
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Explanation
Question : 2

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland ?

Right Option : B
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Explanation
Question : 3

Which of the following endocrine gland is known as master gland ?

Right Option : C
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Explanation
 
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