Bryophyta


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Bryophyta

Bryophytes are simple terrestrial (land) plants. In fact, they were pioneers in establishing the plants on land. They are called amphibians of the plant kingdom. They do not have proper roots and leaves on the other hand they posses rhizoids. However, they are green, with stems and leaflike structures which are capable of photosynthesis. They are non vascular plants, i.e., they do not have xylem and phloem. They have multicellular and jacketed sex organs. They are covered by a waxy cuticle which helps them retain water. Mosses, liverworts and hornworts are the three groups of bryophytes.The plant body of bryophytes is gametophyte(haploid gamete  bearing). Sporophyte(diploid spore bearing) lives as a parasite on then  it.

Mosses: Mosses grow very close together, forming a velvety, matlike cover over soil or wherever (substratum) they grow. They have leafy gametophyte. The antheridia and the archegonia  may be borne at the tips of the main shoots or on spherical lateral branchlets. They play a great role in soil conservation by holding soil particles together and preventing erosion by rain.  Examples : Funaria, Polytrichum.

Liverworts: These are very small plants in which the plant body, known as the thallus, is not differentiated into stems and leaves. It has a lobed appearance. For eg : Marchantia

Hornworts: Hornworts are like liverworts in almost all respects. However, they have longer, hornlike reproductive bodies. For eg : Anthoceros

 

                           

Sample Questions
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Question : 1

The amphibians of plant kingdom are

Right Option : C
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Question : 2

Identify the organism in which

(i) The body is divided into head,throax and abdomen ; and

(ii) the organism possesses biting and chewing mouth parts

Right Option : D
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Question : 3

Black dot like structures seen in the underside of fern leaflets are

Right Option : B
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