DC Motor


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

DC Motor

An electric motor is a rotating device used for converting electric energy into mechanical energy.

Principle:

An electric motor is based on the principle that when a rectangular coil is placed in a magnetic field and current is passed through it, two equal and opposite forces act on the coil which rotates it continuously.This force which rotates the coil is called as torque.

Construction:

It consists of a rectangular coil, say ABCD connected to a source of current and a switch. The commutators P and Q are fixed to the coil and pressed tightly against brushes X and Y. The function of commutator is to reverse the direction of current flowing through the coil every time, the coil passes the vertical position, i.e. after every half rotation in electric motor. In electric motor, split rings acts as commutator. The brushes are two flexible metal plates or the carbon rods which are so fixed that they continuously touches the revolving rings.

Working:

  • Let coil ABCD be in horizontal position. When the key is switched on, then the current flows in the coil ABCD through brush X and ring P and flows back to the battery through the brush Y via ring Q.
  • Applying Flemings left hand rule, no force acts on arms BC and AD as they are parallel to magnetic field, arm AB experiences a force in downward direction and arm CD experiences an equal force in upward direction. A torque acts on the coil and it rotates in the anti-clockwise direction.
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    Sample Questions
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    Question : 1

    An electric motor does not convert _________________

    Right Option : A
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    Explanation
    Question : 2

    The force on a current-carrying armature of an electric motor can be increased by increasing

    Right Option : D
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    Explanation
    Question : 3

    The speed of rotation of the motor can be increases by _________________.

    Right Option : D
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    Explanation
     
     


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