Asia is the largest continent in the world by a considerable margin, and it is rich in natural resources, such as petroleum, forests, fish, water, rice, copper and silver.

• Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population.
• It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area.
• The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations.
• Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population, having more people than all other continents combined.

About Asia:

• Area: 44,579,000 km2 (17,212,000 sq mi) (1st)[1]
• Population: 4,694,576,167 (2021; 1st)[2][3]
• Population density: 100/km2 (260/sq mi)
• Countries: 49 UN members 1 UN observer 5 other states

Demographics:

• East Asia had by far the strongest overall Human Development Index (HDI) improvement of any region in the world, nearly doubling average HDI attainment over the past 40 years, according to the report's analysis of health, education and income data.
• China, the second highest achiever in the world in terms of HDI improvement since 1970, is the only country on the "Top 10 Movers" list due to income rather than health or education achievements.
• Its per capita income increased a stunning 21-fold over the last four decades, also lifting hundreds of millions out of income poverty. Yet it was not among the region's top performers in improving school enrollment and life expectancy.

Hence, Option C is Correct Answer.

The lithosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth. In this article, let us understand its definition, composition and different types of the lithosphere.

What is Lithosphere?

• The lithosphere is the rigid, outermost shell on Earth. It is composed of the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves elastically on time scales of thousands of years or greater. The outermost shell of a rocky planet, the crust, is defined on the basis of its chemistry and mineralogy.This includes the crust and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. The uppermost part of the lithosphere that chemically reacts to the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere through the soil-forming process is called the pedosphere.

Lithosphere Composition

• The earth’s crust is not a homogeneous substance; it has different layers of rocks including sedimentary rocks on top, granitic and metamorphic rocks in the middle, and basaltic rocks on the bottom.
• The earth’s crust also consists of several large dynamic tectonic plates.
• These tectonic plates move slowly but continuously at an average rate of around 10 cm. Considering this, there was no Atlantic Ocean, and North America and Europe together were one continent 180 million years ago. The Atlantic Ocean came into being because of the drifting apart from the Eurasian and North American plates.

Types of Lithosphere:

There are two types of lithosphere:

• Oceanic: Which is associated with oceanic crust and exists in the ocean basins.
• Continental: This is associated with continental crust.

Hence, Option Correct is C.

Ural Mountains. extending over 2000 km (1250 miles) from the Arctic Ocean towards the Aral Sea: forms part of the geographical boundary between Europe and Asia; one of the richest mineral areas in the world, with many associated major industrial centres.

Ural Mountains

• The Ural Mountains or simply the Urals, is a mountain range in Eurasia that runs north-south mostly through Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan.

Highest point:

• Peak: Mount Narodnaya
• Elevation: 1,895 m (6,217 ft)
• Length: 2,500 km (1,600 mi)
• Width: 150 km (93 mi)
• Countries: Russia and Kazakhstan
• Range coordinates: 60°N 59°E
• Orogeny: Uralian orogeny
• Age of rock: Carboniferous
• Type of rock: Metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary

Hence, Option C is Correct Answer.