Humayun


The Mughals 16th-1 Century I - Concepts
Class - 7th Foundation NTSE Subjects
 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Humayun

Humayun 1530-1540, 1555-1556: Babur’s son Humayun ascended the throne in 1530CE..Babur left an empire to his son which was yet to be consolidated. Humayun tried to enlarge his empire b annexing present-day Gujarat, parts of Rajasthan and Bihar. He was an able commander; he did not possess the sustained spirit and energy of his father. He had strong opposition from his own brother so he divided his inheritance according to the will of his father. His brothers were each given a province.

The ambitions of his brother Mirza Kamran weakened Humayun the main cause against Afghan competitors.  Sher Khan was the Afghan governor of present-day Bihar. In 1531 CE, he declared his independence in from Humayun. Sher Khan defeated Humayun in the Battle of Chausa in 1 539CE. In 1540CE, Sher Khan dealt Humayun a final blow in the Battle of Kanauj. Sher Shah was an excellent administrator who introduced many reforms. He brought crime under control. He built the Grand Trunk Road (Sadak-i-Azam), and a network of caravanserais for travelers, planted trees and dug wells. Sher Shah introduced the silver rupee, called the rupiya, as a standard mode of exchange, Gold coins called mohur and copper coins called dam were also minted by his government.  Akbar was born during this exile in Sind. In 1555CE, Humayun made a second attempt to regain Delhi. He captured Lahore, and occupied Delhi and Agra. In Iran Humayun received help from the Safavid Shah. He recaptured Delhi in 1555 but died the next year after an accident in his building. However, his triumph was short Humayun died the following year while fighting the Candelas in Kalinjar

  Humayun, Babur's son and successor, has to face a series of problems right after ascending the throne.

  • While Babur had laid the foundations of an empire, the systems of administration and governance needed to run the empire had not been put into place yet.
  • Also, the Mughals followed the practiced of dividing the entire inheritance of a person amongst the sons. Therefore, after Babur's death, his empire was a source of trouble for Humayun who was unable to consolidate his hold on the empire.
  • In additions, Humayun has to face the hostility of both the Afghans and the Rajputs and was defeated finally by sher shah, the Afghan ruler of Bihar and Bengal, in the Battle of Kanauj in 1540 CE.
  • Humayun was forced to leave India after his defeat. He lived as a Homeless wanderer until the shah of Iran agreed to give him military aid to help him win back his kingdom.
  • In 1555 CE, taking advantage of the weakness of the sur dynasty, Humayun managed to conquer Punjab, and recapture Delhi and Agra, thereby re-establishing the Mughal empire in India.
  • Sample Questions
    (More Questions for each concept available in Login)
    Question : 1

    What was the full name of Humayun ?

    Right Option : A
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    Question : 2

    The ruler of Gwalior give the kohinoor Diamond to which Mughal Badsha ?

    Right Option : C
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    Explanation
    Question : 3

    Humayun nama was written by _______

    Right Option : B
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