Iron and Steel Factories Come Up in India
Iron and Steel Factories Come Up in India
Iron and steel factories come up in India: The year was 1904. In the hot month of April, Charles weld, an American geologist and Dorabji Tata, the eldest son of Jamsetji Tata, were travelling in Chhattisgarh in search of iron ore deposits. They had spent many months on a costly venture looking for sources of good iron ore to set up a modern iron and steel plant in India. Jamestji Tata had decided to spend a large part of his fortune to build a big iron and steel industry in India. One day, after travelling for many hours in the forests, weld and Dorabji came upon a small village and found a group of men and women carrying basket loads of iron ore. These people were the agarias. When asked where they had found the iron ore, the agarias pointed to a hill in the distance. Weld and Dorabji reached the hill after an exhausting trek through dense forests. On exploring the hill the geologist found what they had been looking for. Rajhara hills had one of the finest ores in the world. But there was a problem. The region was dry and water- necessary for running the factory- was not to be found nearby. The Tata’s had to continue their search for a more suitable place to set up their factory. However, the agarias helped in the discovery of a source of iron ore that would later supply the Bhilai steel plant. A few years later a large areas of forest was cleared on the banks of the river Subarnarekha to set up the factory and an industrial township- Jamshedpur. The Tata iron and steel company (TISCO) that came up began producing steel in 1912.TISCO was set up at an opportune time.
In the late nineteenth century, India was a importer of steel which was manufactured in Britain.The first successful attempt was made in 1875 in setting up an iron and steel works at Barakar by Bengal Iron and Steel Company. This was taken over by Bengal Iron Company in 1889. Expansion of the railways in India had opened up a huge market for the British steel. The British experts in the Indian Railways largely imported British steel because they were unwilling to believe that good quality steel could be produced in India. However, after 1914 when the First World War broke out, the situation changed. Steel produced in Britain now had to meet the demands of war in Europe.Imports of British steel into India declined dramatically and the Indian Railways turned to TISCO for supply of rails. As the war dragged on for several years, iron and steel companies began to be set up in India to fulfill the domestic demands of steel.
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