Diabetes


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Diabetes

Diabetes is a complex disease caused by a lack of insulin or an insensitivity to insulin. Insulin is the hormone that lowers the level of glucose in the blood. A person who suffers from diabetes is a diabetic. The energy your body uses comes from glucose produced by the digestion of the food you eat. Glucose moves from the digestive system into the blood. From the blood, glucose moves into the cells, where it is broken down in the process of cellular respiration to release energy. The hormone insulin moves the glucose from the blood to the cells. Without insulin, glucose remains in the blood and the energy needed for growth, repair, and other essential functions is not released.

There are two main types of diabetes : Type I and Type 2

Type 1 diabetes : In type 1 diabetes, the body stops making insulin. The exact reasons for this are not known, but it is known that the immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. A person with type 1 diabetes may eat well but their body is undernourished because they cannot release any energy from their food. Part of the treatment for people with type 1 diabetes is to regularly test the levels of glucose in their blood. They must then inject themselves with insulin to replace the insulin that their body fails to make. The diabetic can then get the nutrition they need from the food they eat. Type 1 diabetes accounts for 10-15% of cases of díabetes in Australia. It is usually diagnosed in people under the age of 30. There could be a genetic link to type 1 diabetes, meaning that the disease is caused by inherited characteristics. Type 1 diabetes is not linked to lifestyle, but eating well and exercising regularly is essential for managing the disease.

Type 2 diabetes : In type 2 diabetes, the body has become resistant to insulin. The levels of insulin in the blood are normal or may be higher than normal but the body cannot use the insulin. This is the form of diabetes found in 85-90% of people with diabetes. Glucose levels in the blood of type 2 diabetics are permanently high. When the blood glucose level gets to a certain point, the body converts the glucose to fat. People with type 2 diabetes can therefore gain weight very easily. When the disease is first diagnosed, people with type 2 diabetes can often control the problem with diet and exercise. Later they may also have to inject themselves with insulin just as people with type 1 diabetes do.

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Sample Questions
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Question : 1

Type 1 diabetes can be treated by _______________

 

Right Option : B
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Question : 2

Which of the following type of diabetes is more common ?

 

Right Option : C
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Question : 3

In which type of diabetes body becomes resistant to insulin ?

Right Option : B
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