Antibiotics
Antibiotics
Antibiotics: Antibiotics are drugs used to cure diseases caused by bacteria. There are different kinds of antibiotics which attack different processes and structures in bacteria to kill them or to stop their growth. Bacteria, as you know, are single-celled organisms. One type of antibiotic stops the production of a compound needed for the growth of the cell wall. This prevents the cell wall from expanding when the other parts of the cell are growing. As a result, the cell bursts, which kills the bacteria. Penicillin, an important antibiotic, works in this way.
Antibiotics do not work on viruses :
Production of antibiotics:
Antibiotics are produced on the lage scale by the fermentation process. This is a chemical process which is induced by microorganisms in a large tank. A large tank contains the growth medium that provides nutrition for the microorganisms growth. After the completion of antibiotic production, they are extracted anad purified through multiple physical processes.Lastly, the purified antibiotics are converted into the crystal form.
Antimicrobial therpy:
It is used to destroy or to prevent hte microorganism's growth. Two types of antimicrobial therapies are available : Microbicidal therapy(used to kill micorbes) and Microstatic therapy(used to prevent micorbes).
Examples of antibiotics:
Penicillin - They are used to treat infections of the middle ear, sinuses,stomach, intestine, kidney and bladder.They are used for treating pneumonia,blood infections etc.
Streptomycin: Used against tuberculosis, plague and rat bite fever.
Side effects of antibiotics :
Antibiotics are characterized by their range of effectiveness and their mode of ation against the pathogen.
1. Broad spectrum antibiotics: These antibiotics can kill a wide range of bacteria
2. Narrow spectrum antibiotics: These antibiotics are effective against only few types of bacteria. To kill a specific pathogen, you havr to use narrow spectrum antibiotics which are specific for the disease.
What are the side effects of antibiotics ? | |||
| Right Option : D | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Making anti-viral drugs is more difficult than making anti-bacterial medicines because____________________ | |||
| Right Option : C | |||
| View Explanation |
How antibiotics can be produced ? | |||
| Right Option : C | |||
| View Explanation | |||
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