Tuberculosis


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB): Generally when we talk about tuberculosis, we mean a lung disease. But this disease can affect other parts of the body too. It is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A person usually gets infected by the TB bacteria. This affects the persons lungs. A person can also get infected by drinking milk from cattle infected by TB. In this case the lymph nodes of the abdomen are affected. A person gets infected by the TB bacteria either by inhaling the bacteria or by drinking infected milk. The bacteria can spread from the lungs or the abdominal lymph nodes to other parts of the body such as bones, brain, etc.

Signs and Symptoms: The symptoms of TB include mild fever, sweating at night, blood in the sputum, loss of appetite, fatigue and weight loss. The symptoms, however, vary according to the site of the infection. For example, in case of pulmonary TB (lung TB), the patient coughs frequently, bringing up blood with the sputum. There is chest pain and breathlessness. In case of lymph gland TB, there is swelling and tenderness of the lymph glands, particularly in the lower parts of the body.

Control: TB can be controlled by the use of specific antibiotics over a long period of time.

Prevention: The spread of TB can be minimized if people are made aware that spitting indiscriminately is injurious to public health. Children should be immunized with BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccine.

Sample Questions
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Question : 1

Correct diagnosis of TB is made on the basis of :

Right Option : D
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Question : 2

BCG stands for __________________

Right Option : B
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Question : 3

BCG vaccine is used to cure

Right Option : B
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Explanation
 
 
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