Soil Erosion


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Soil Erosion

Soil Erosion:

The removal of the top layer of the soil by wind and rainfall is called soil erosion. Air and water are the main agents of such erosion.

1. Air: Small particles of soil are easily blown away by strong winds. Bigger particles of soil stay on the ground. Due to continuous friction with other pieces, they are eventually transformed into smaller pieces and finally fly away with the wind. This process is called salutation.

2. Water: Strong currents of water cause more soil erosion than wind. This occurs in two forms. In the first, a stream of water carries with it the upper soft layer of the soil. As a result, runnels are formed on the soil. This is called gully erosion. This type of erosion makes the land unfit for cultivation. In the second form, sheets of soil formed on the surface of the land are washed away during rainfall, thereby reducing the fertility of the soil. Such erosion is called sheet erosion.

Causes of Soil Erosion

1. Uncontrolled grazing of grass by animals: In our country, pastoral land is insufficient for the high population of farm animals. This leads to excessive grazing. The soil becomes unprotected and is washed away by wind and water.

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Sample Questions
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Question : 1

Which one is the Main cause of soil erosion?

Right Option : A
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Question : 2

Which of the following are correct :

(a) The roots of plants and trees firmly bind the particles of soil together.

(b) In some soils the water-holding capacity is high, whereas in others it is low.

(c) Soil with low water-holding capacity is swept away by air or water easily.

Right Option : D
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Question : 3

Soil erosion is caused due to

Right Option : D
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