Purna Swaraj

Purna Swaraj

At this time, there arose a new group of young leaders including Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose. They were deeply influenced by the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the ideas of socialism.

Socialists believed of resources among people. On his return from England, he came under the influence of Gandhi and joined the freedom struggle. Nehru realized the need to take up the cause of the common people, and spent much of his efforts actually seeing the condition of the people for himself.

Subhash Chandra Bose popularly known as Netaji later on, he played an important role in involving students in the freedom struggle. Under the leadership of Nehru and Bose, the nationalist movement became increasingly militant, wanting not just swaraj but Purna swaraj or Complete independence.

The people’s Mahatma: People thought of Gandhiji as a kind of messiah, as someone who could help them overcome their misery and poverty. Gandhiji wished to build class unity, not class conflict, yet peasants could imagine that they would help them in their fight against Zamindaras, and agricultural laborers' believed he would provide them land. At times, ordinary people credited Gandhiji with their own achievements.

The happenings of 1922-1929:

·Mahatma Gandhi, was against violent movements. He abruptly called off the Non- Cooperation Movement when in February 1922 a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura. The peasants were provoked because the police had fired on their peaceful demonstration.

· Once the Non- Cooperation movement was over, Gandhiji’s followers stressed that the Congress must undertake constructive work in the rural areas. Other leaders such as Chitta Ranjan Das and Motilal Nehru argued that the party should fight elections to the councils and enter them in order to influence government policies. Through sincere social work in villages in the mid- 1920s, the Gandhians were able to extend their support base. This proved to be very useful in launching the Civil Disobedience movement in 1930.

Two important developments of the mid-1920s were the formation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu organization, and the Communist party of India. These parties have held very different ideas about the kind of country India should be. The decade closed with the Congress resolving to fight for Purna Swaraj (complete independence) in 1929 under the president ship of Jawaharlal Nehru. Consequently, “independence Day” was observed on 26 January 1930 all over the country

Sample Questions

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Question : 1

Arrange the following events in chronogical order: 1: Arrival of Simon Commision. 2 : Celebration of Poorna Swaraj 3 : Kheda Satyagraha 4 : Withdrawal of Partition of Bengal
A. 1, 4, 2, 3	B. 4, 3, 1, 2	C. 2, 3, 4, 1	D. 1, 3, 4, 2
Right Option : B
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Question : 2

Congress adopted the aim of Purna Swaraj in 1929 under the presidentship of ______________________
A. Subhash Chandra Bose	B. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel	C. Mahatma Gandhi	D. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Right Option : D
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