Effects of Colonial Rule on Maasai Community
Effects of Colonial Rule on Maasai Community
Effects of Colonial Rule on Maasai Community
Maasais Lost their Grazing Lands: From the late 19th century, the British Colonial Government in East Africa also encouraged local peasant communities to expand cultivation. As cultivation expanded, pasturelands were turned into cultivated fields.In Africa is residing over half the world's pastoralists population.
Maasai is one of these pastoral tribes, who reside over a past area stretching from North Kenya to these to the steppes of northern Tanzania. slowly and slowly , these people lost their grazing rights . the reasons for the same are following :
Effect of Closed Borders on Pastoralists: Pastoral groups were forced to live within the confines of special reserves. The boundaries of these reserves became the limits within which they could now move. They were not allowed to move out with their stock without special permits. They were not even allowed to enter the markets in white areas. They were prohibited from participating in any form of trade. The new territorial boundaries and restrictions imposed on them suddenly changed the lives of pastoralists. This adversely affected both their pastoral and trading activities. Earlier, pastoralists not only looked after animal herds but traded in various products. The restrictions under colonial rule did not entirely stop their trading activities but they were now subject to various restrictions.
The permit system affected the lives of pastoralists in the following ways:
Effect of Dried Pastures on Maasais: The Maasais were forced to live in semi—arid tracts prone to frequent drought. Since, they could not shift their cattle to places where pastures were available, large numbers of Maasai cattle died of starvation and disease in these years of drought.
In just 2 years of severe drought 1933 and 1934, over half of the cattle of Maasai tribes died . in this way, the cattle stock of the Maasai's decreased under colonial rule.
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