Silicon And Halogens
Silicon And Halogens
Silicon: Silicon is the second most abundant element on earth after oxygen. Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, occurs as quartz, which is a crystalline solid, and in an impure form as sand and sandstone. Silica is a transparent mineral made up of silicate sheets. Silicon is a hard shiny grey solid with a high melting point Its structure is similar to that of diamond, Silicon is a semiconductor. It is one of the few elements which show the general characteristic of both metals and non-metals.
Silicon is used in making microprocessors or silicon chips. A microprocessor is made up of many thousands of transistors arranged on a single chip of silicon.
Glass is made by heating silicon dioxide in the form of sand with sodium carbonate and calcium carbonate to a temperature of about I500°C.
Halogens:The halogen family consists of the elements fluorine, F; chlorine, Cl; bromine, Dr, iodine, I; and astatine, At. All the halogen elements, except astatine, exist in the earth's crust and atmosphere.
The halogens are the best-defined family of elements. They have an almost perfect gradation of physical properties. Fluorine is pale yellow; chlorine is yellow green; bromine is dark brown; and iodine is deep violet. Although all halogens generally undergo the same types of reactions, the extent and ease with which these reactions occur vary markedly. Fluorine, in particular, has the usual tendency of the lightest member of a family of elements of exhibiting reactions not comparable to the other members.
Bromine and its compounds are used as disinfection and sanitising agents in swimming pools and potable water. Bromine chemicals are used as intermediates in manufacturing organic dyes, in storage batteries and fire extinguishing systems.
Chlorine is used for purifying water. As a chemical compound, both organic and inorganic, chlorine has many uses. Some useful compounds are sodium chloride, calcium chloride, chloroform, methyl chloride, chlorobenzene, etc.
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