Urban Local Government
Urban Local Government
Urban Local Government: Prior to 1992, Indian local governments did not have a Constitutional status but only a statutory status under state law. Therefore, the governance of urban areas was directly under the control of the state government. This changed with the enactment of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act, 1992. For the first time in the history of urban governance, Urban Local Bodies (ULBS) were granted a Constitutional position as the third tier of government.
These bodies were given a Constitutional outline for conducting regular elections, powers and financial devolution. The Amendment assigned local bodies with the responsibility of providing basic services. Urban Local Bodies (ULBS) are classified depending on the population:
Municipalities were designed to incorporate elected representatives, experts and the Municipal Chairperson. They were awarded a five-year term with re-election scheduled for within 6 months of dilution. Towards this, a state-level Election Commission was established.
Division of Powers (elected, nominated and administrative): The 74th Constitution Amendment Act provides the outline for elected and nominated councillors. The number of elected councillors varies according to the population of an area. Nominated councillors are to be selected by the elected councillors for their expertise in municipal administration. However, they are not granted voting rights.
The Municipal Corporation- Organisational Structures: The 74th Constitution Amendment Act docs not specify any specific organisational structure for municipal administration in India. This is an issue for state legislation and the structure differs from state to state. The Ministry of Urban Development drafted a Model Municipal Law, 2003, which was circulated to state governments. The rationale for the lack of a centrally administered Municipal Model is that local bodies need to be flexible to respond better to local requirements. As detailed below, two broad models are commonly in use.
Students / Parents Reviews [10]
I have spent a wonderful time in Abhyas academy. It has made my reasoning more apt, English more stronger and Maths an interesting subject for me. It has given me a habbit of self studying
Yatharthi Sharma
10thIt was a good experience with Abhyas Academy. I even faced problems in starting but slowly and steadily overcomed. Especially reasoning classes helped me a lot.
Cheshta
10thAbout Abhyas metholodology the teachers are very nice and hardworking toward students.The Centre Head Mrs Anu Sethi is also a brilliant teacher.Abhyas has taught me how to overcome problems and has always taken my doubts and suppoeted me.
Shreya Shrivastava
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Manish Kumar
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Aman Kumar Shrivastava
10thMy experience with Abhyas academy is very good. I did not think that my every subject coming here will be so strong. The main thing is that the online tests had made me learn here more things.
Hiya Gupta
8thMy experience with Abhyas is very good. I have learnt many things here like vedic maths and reasoning also. Teachers here first take our doubts and then there are assignments to verify our weak points.
Shivam Rana
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Prisha Gupta
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Om Umang
10thMy experience was very good with Abhyas academy. I am studying here from 6th class and I am satisfied by its results in my life. I improved a lot here ahead of school syllabus.
