Meristematic Tissue
Meristematic Tissue
PLANT TISSUES: Plant tissues are basically of two types : meristematic and permanent. This differentiation is based on the ability of the mature cells of the tissue to divide and produce new cells. Meristematic tissue cells are capable of dividing, while permanent tissue cells are not.
Meristematic Tissue: This tissue consists of actively dividing cells and is present in the growing regions of plants, e.g., the tips of roots and stems. The cells can be round, oval, polygonal or rectangular, but there are a few things they have in common. They are packed closely without intercellular spaces, have thin cellulose walls, dense cytoplasm and prominent nuclei. Vacuoles are almost absent in such cells because they are completely filled with sap.
There is more than one way of classifying meristematic tissue.
1. On the basis of origin, meristems (meristematic tissue) are of two types—primary and secondary. The former are derived directly from the meristems of the embryo. The latter develop later in the life of the plant from permanent tissues.
2. Based on the position in the plant or depending on the region of the plant where it is present, meristematic tissue can be of three types—apical, lateral and intercalary. In case of the roots due to the presence of root cap the growth of root occur sub apically. (I) Apical (from apex) meristem, as the name suggests, is present at the growing tips of stems and roots. Apical meristem is primary meristem. Cell division in this tissue causes elongation of the stem and root. Cells derived from the primary meristem differentiate into permanent tissues.
(II) Lateral meristematic tissue occurs along the sides of the central (longitudinal) axis of the plant. It gives rise to vascular tissues. Each year new vascular tissues are formed to transport food. These appear as rings. These rings of small and large vessels which are added on each year, cause growth in the thickness of the stem or trunk. Intrafascicular cambium present in vascular bundles and cork cambium found underneath the bark of trees are examples of lateral meristem. Lateral meristems are secondary meristems.
(III) Intercalary meristems occurs at the base of leaves or internodes. These cells grow fast and soon change into permanent tissues.
In which of the following, growth is sub-apical ? | |||
| Right Option : A | |||
| View Explanation | |||
What is the name of the tip of the plant structure where there are actively dividing cells ? | |||
| Right Option : C | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Lateral meristem is responsible for ______________ | |||
| Right Option : B | |||
| View Explanation | |||
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