Endocrine System
Endocrine System
Endocrine system: The endocrine system consists of a collection of bag-like structures called glands. These glands are located at specific places inside our bodies and release chemical substances called hormones. The major glands that make up the human endocrine system are pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. A diagrammatic representation of the human endocrine system is shown.
1. Pituitary gland
Location: base of the brain
Hormones secreted: 1. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), 2. Growth hormone (GH)
Hormone action : TSH : Its principal function is to monitor and regulate the activity of other glands.
GH : GH stimulate linear growth in children and helps to maintain bone and other tissues in adult.
2. Pineal gland :
Location : Deep in the brain
Hormone secreted : melatonin and serotonin
Hormone action : Melatonin hormones regulate night and day cycles or sleep-wake cycles.
Serotonin stabilizes our mood, feelings of well-being, and happiness.
3. Thyroid gland
Location: Base of the throat
Hormones secreted: Thyroxine
Hormone action : Thyroxine plays a crucial role in heart and digestive function, metabolism, brain development, bone health and muscle control.
4. Thymus gland
Location : Beneath the breastbone at the level of the heart
Hormone secreted : Thymosin hormone
Hormone action : Produce and process T lymphocytes.
5. Adrenal gland
Location: Near the kidneys
Hormones secreted: Adrenaline
Hormone action : Adrenaline is often known as the fight or flight hormone because it prepares the body to act, especially when the body encounters stress.
6. Pancreas
Location: Near the liver
Hormones secreted: insulin, glucagon
Hormone action : Insulin acts to lower blood sugar, and glucagon, which acts to raise blood sugar.
7. Testis: (In males: two in number)
Location: Male genital organs
Hormones secreted: Testosterone
Hormone action : Testosterone controls the development of secondary sexual characters in males such as facial hair, beard, moustaches etc. It stimulates spermatogenesis (formation of sperm).
8. Ovaries (in female; two in number)
Location : Pelvic region
Hormones secreted: Estrogen and progesterone
Hormone action : Estrogen stimulates the growth and development of female secondary sex organs and female secondary sexual characters (such as development of breasts). Progesterone play an important role in regulation of menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
Question: Why pituitary gland is also called as master gland of the endocrine system?
Solution : Pituitary gland is also called as master gland of the endocrine system because:
(i) The hormones it secretes play an active part in controlling the functions of other endocrine glands.
(ii) Its job is to receive messages about the need for a particular hormone and to secrete the hormones that cause the manufacture and release of the hormones.
Which of the following is correct among the following : (a) Pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. (b) Thyroid gland secrete serotonin hormone. (c) Adrenal gland present near kidneys. (d) Testes present in male and females. | |||
| Right Option : D | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Consisder the following statements and select the option which correctly identifies true (T) and false (F) ones.
| |||
| Right Option : C | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Chemical substances released from endorine glands are known as ___________________ | |||
| Right Option : C | |||
| View Explanation | |||
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