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ERR - 9th - English [Simple Tenses]

		e-NOTES (2032 [C] )
9th (English)
Simple Tenses
Simple Present Tense The tense of a verb in a sentence expresses time the event has occured. There are three tenses of a verb: Present, Past and Future: time now, time then and time to come. These tenses are further subdivided. Rule: Subject + First Form of the verb (s/es) + Object To form a sentence in simple present tense, most regular verbs use the root form, except in the third person(which ends in-s). First person singular: I write. Second person singular: you write. Third person singular: he/she/it/anyname writes (note the –s) First person plural: we write. Second person plural: you write. Third person plural: they write. For a few verbs, the third person singular ends with –es instead of –s.Typically, these are verbs whose root form ends in o, ch, sh, th, ss, gh or z. First person singular: I go. Second person singular: you go. Third person singular: he/she/it goes.(note the –es). First person plural: we go. Second person plural: you go. Third person plural: they go. For most irregular verb we put the negation of the verb before the verb. e.g. “She won’t go” or “I don’t smell anything”. The verb to be irregular : First person singular: I am teacher. Second person singular: you are singer. Third person singular: he/she/it is a beautiful flower. First person plural: we are students. Second person plural: you are player. Third person plural: they are shopkeeper. Simple Present Tense: We use the simple present tense to 1 To state a universal truth. For example, The moon is the earth’s only satellite. The earth revolves around the sun. 2. To describe something that has been happening for some time and is still continuing. For example, The Mehtas live in Mumbai. She is a singer. 3. To refer to something that happens regularly or habitually. For example, My father reads the newspaper every morning. He swims a lot. 4. In proverbs that are considered to be permanent truths. For example, A thing of beauty is a joy forever. Fortune favours the brave. How to make the simple present negative: The rule for simple present negative is Subject + do/does + not + First form of the verb + Object. You can also use the contraction don’t and doesn’t instead of do not or doesnot. Example: I don’t play cricket. We don’t study regularly. You don’t go your uncle’s home. He doesn’t lie to anyone. She doesn’t work hard. Lara doesnot play the piano very well. It doesn’t work very well. They don’t know my address. My brother doesn’t like the pubg game. How to ask a question: The rule for asking question in the simple present is Do/Does + Subject + First form of verb + Object. Example: Do you like movies? Does she go for morning walk everyday? How to ask questions using ‘WH’ family word. The rule is ‘WH’ + Do/Does + Subject + First form of Verb + Object? Where do you live? How do you solve this problem? Which colour do you like to prefer?
Simple Past Tense Simple Past Tense: show action that occurred and was completed at a particular time in the past 1. When we refer to an action that has already been completed before the time of speaking For example, It snowed yesterday. She cooked last afternoon. 2. To indicate that something was done in the past as a habit. For example, My mother always enjoyed gardening. As a young girl, I exercised a lot. 3. To express an action that occurred over a period of time in the past. For example, I lived in New Delhi till the age of five. The Rule for simple past negative is Subject + did + not + First form of Verb + Object. Example: I didn’t buy a new camera last week. Rahul did not complete his homework. My mother didn’t cook soup. How to ask a question: The Rule for asking question in the simple past tense is Did + Subject + First Form of Verb + Object ? Example: Did you ask him for a party? Did he play cards with Suman? Did they distribute sweets in the temple? How to ask questions using ‘WH’ family words. At what time did he go to play basket ball? Where did they drop you? When did she invite you?
Simple Future Tense Simple Future Tense: is a verb tense that is used to talk about things that haven't happened yet 1. To say what we think or know for certain will happen in the future. For example, I shall repair my bicycle tomorrow. Malti will visit us next Monday. 2. To make a promise or to offer to do something. For example, We’ll complete this project tomorrow. You look feverish. I’ll call the doctor. The Rule for simple future tense is Subject + Will/Shall + First Form of Verb +Object.Note: Shall is traditionally used with the first person singular (I) or plural (we), but the use of shall is no longer common in spoken English. Increasingly, shall is replaced by will or contractions are used. Thus we say, I’ll or she’ll instead of I shall, or she will. How to create negative sentence: The Rule for simple future tense is Subject + Will/Shall + not + First Form of Verb + Object. Example: He will not organise the event. It will not rain here. The train will not arrive from Mumbai to Delhi. How to ask questions: The Rule is Will/Shall + Subject + First Form of Verb I+ Object ? Example: Will you bring a newspaper for me tomorrow? Shall i go with them? Will she catch the bus? How to ask questions using ‘WH’ family words. The Rule is ‘WH ’+ Will/Shall + Subject + First Form of Verb + Object? Example: Where will you do job after study? How will you solve this sum? Who will invite you ?
Present Indefinite Tense Present Indefinite Tense: This tense is generally used to denote the daily routine ,habitual action ,general truth,repeated action,custom. These ideas are expressed by the adverbs of frequency such as often, sometime, generally, always, usally, seldom, suddenly, rarely, frequently. Example: I walk daily (daily routine) The sun rises in the east.(general truth) She gets angry quikly.(habitual action). Additiional uses of Present Indefinite Tense Historical present: Example: Now Arjun shoots arrows at Bhishma. Future Arrangement: Example: He leaves his job next week.
Past Indefinite Tense Past Indefinite Tense : represents an action occurred in the past or a habit of the past and uses the past form of the verb. Examples are: I wrote articles on different topics. He read various kinds of books. They played football in that field. She preferred coffee to tea. He went to the library yesterday. We came for shopping in this market last week.
Future Indefinite Tense Future Indefinite Tense: This tense expesses an action that is to take place in future.for example soon, shortly, in a few moment, tomorrow. For example - They will come here shortly. - Rina will take examination next month. There are several ways to express future action in English: Future action is expessed in the present continuous tense. Example: 1. They are coming tomorrow. 2. She is marrying soon. Future action is also expressed in the future continuous. Example: 1. I shall be going tomorrow. 2. He will be performing on the stage. Future action is also expressed in present indefinite tense. Example: 1. She arrives from the U.S.A.next month. 2. The Prime Minister leaves for Lucknow tomorrow.

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