Types of Materials
We may use many materials in our daily life. Some are made up of natural materials such as wood, cotton, stones and clay. A material can be used to make different kinds of things. For example: glass can be used to make bowls, tumblers, window panes etc.
The material may be naturally occurring or man - made. For example, wool, cotton, jute and marble are naturally occurring materials.
Glass, paints, steel, cement, thermocole, plastic, nylon are man - made materials.
Clothes are one of our basic needs. We wear clothes mainly to protect our bodies from weather conditions, such as heat, cold and rain. We wear different types of clothes according to climate, occupation, culture, traditions and daily needs. People in different regions of the world wear different types of clothing.
People living in hot countries wear light coloured clothes. People living in cold countries prefer woolen clothes to keep them warm like coats, sweaters, jackets etc.
The clothes that we wear daily, the towels, the curtains, etc., are made from different types of fabrics. Fabric is commonly called cloth.
Clothes are made of different materials. We get these materials from both plants and animals.
Clothing material can be broadly classified into two types based on the material used : Natural material and Artificial material.
Types of Materials :
Natural fibres are of two types: plant fibres like cotton and jute and animal fibre like wool and silk. The fibres made from simple chemical molecules called monomers.
Monomers join in large number to form a long chain of molecules called polymers. The polymers which occur in nature are called natural polymers.
Cellulose, silk, wool, proteins are natural polymers. The polymers which are made in laboratories from small molecules are called man - made polymers for example nylon, polythene, rayon etc.
Fiberglass
Fiberglass is a composite material made of thin strands of glass fibers embedded in a matrix of resin. The glass fibers provide strength and reinforcement, while the resin matrix holds the fibers together and provides protection against environmental factors. Fiberglass is known for its lightweight, strength, and durability, making it a popular material in various applications.
Majorly consists of silicon oxide: Fiberglass is composed of thin strands of glass, and glass is primarily made of silicon dioxide (silica).
Prepared by reinforcing plastic matrix by fine fibers of glass: Fiberglass is commonly used as a reinforcement material in the form of fine glass fibers embedded in a plastic matrix, creating a composite material.
Used to make space suits, boats, roofing pipes, etc.: Fiberglass is widely used in various applications, including space suits, boat construction, and the manufacturing of roofing pipes, due to its strength, durability, and lightweight characteristics.
Optical fiber
Optical fiber, also known as fiber optic, is a thin, flexible, and transparent fiber made of glass or plastic through which light signals can be transmitted over long distances. It is a technology that uses the principles of total internal reflection to transmit data in the form of light pulses.
Asbestos fibers
Asbestos fibers are composed of long, thin mineral fibers. Chrysotile, also known as white asbestos, is the most common type and accounts for the majority of asbestos used globally. Asbestos has excellent heat resistance and was widely used in various industries for its fire-retardant properties.
Blended fibers
Blended fibers refer to textile fibers that are made by combining two or more different types of fibers to create a material with improved or desirable characteristics. This blending is done to get the positive properties of each individual fiber, resulting in a fabric that combines the best features of each component.
Commonly blended fibers include:
Polyester-Cotton Blend: Combining the durability and wrinkle resistance of polyester with the breathability and comfort of cotton.
Wool-Acrylic Blend: Blending the warmth and natural properties of wool with the lightweight and cost-effectiveness of acrylic.
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